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Glenn Harrold Interview: Motivation for Hypnotherapy
Response expectancies, treatment credibility, and hypnotic suggestibility
Background: Several studies have shown that response expectancies are an important mechanism of popular psychological interventions for pain. However, there has been no research on whether response expectancies and treatment credibility independently mediate hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral pain interventions and whether the pattern of mediation is affected by experience with the interventions. Also, past research has indicated that hypnotic pain interventions may be moderated by hypnotic suggestibility. However, these studies have typically failed to measure the full range of suggestibility and have assessed pain reduction and suggestibility in the same experimental context, possibly inflating the association between these variables. Purpose: To clarify the mediator role of response expectancies and treatment credibility, and the moderator role of hypnotic suggestibility in the hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral reduction of pain. Methods: Approximately 300 participants were assessed for suggestibility. Then, as part of an apparently unrelated experiment, 124 of these individuals received analogue cognitive-behavioral, hypnotic, or placebo control pain interventions. Results: Response expectancies and credibility independently mediated treatment. The extent of mediation increased as participants gained more experience with the interventions. Suggestibility moderated treatment and was associated with relief only from the hypnotic intervention. Conclusions: Response expectancies and treatment credibility are unique mechanisms of hypnotic and cognitive-behavioral pain interventions. Hypnotic suggestibility predicts relief from hypnotic pain interventions and this association is not simply an artifact of measuring suggestibility and pain reduction in the same experimental context. The relationship between suggestibility and hypnotic pain reduction appears to be linear in nature.
Of spoofing, spam, and Internet porn, it is probably the last creation of the Information Super Highway that has had the most adverse effect on the lives of many people. The immediate availability of – legal and illegal – pornographic images has made parental supervision nearly impossible and has ruined many relationships.
Like any addictive behavior, Internet porn addiction has both physiological and mental sides. The arousal that ensues creates a reaction in the brain and body. Like any drug, when the physical manifestation is linked to psychological aspect, this on-line viewing...
During my military career and while living in the southeast United States frequently I have come upon people who are addicted to dipping snuff or having a piece of chewing tobacco in their mouths. It seems to have become a habit that is encouraged in certain cultures. While there are some that are proud of their habit and feel that the little circle that a tobacco can makes in the back pocket of their jeans is a status symbol, still most people find the habit rather disgusting. Even many addicted users admit this as well.
Unlike smokers, those that chew or sniff tobacco products...
Improving the performance in any given area most likely requires that you stop bad habits and strengthen the necessary parts of your brain and body. When someone is performing poorly they should realize that actually what they're doing is doing their poor performance at an expert level. This proves that they have the ability to achieve mastery. However, they are merely doing it in the wrong way.
Getting rid of an expertly performed bad habit is not easy. In fact the brain and body will resist any efforts to change. Additionally, such efforts will most certainly strengthen the hold that...
